akira
how bis/bas and psycho-behavioral variables distinguish between social withdrawal subtypes during emerging adulthood
julie c. bowker et al. 2017
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.07.043
•Links between withdrawal subtypes and psycho-behavioral variables are examined.
•Results challenge leading approach and avoidance models of withdrawal.
•Evidence of previously unknown shared and non-shared correlates is revealed.
•Findings show that unsociability is associated positively with creativity.
Informed by past theory and research on social withdrawal, the aims of this study were to investigate whether three subtypes of social withdrawal (shyness, avoidance, unsociability) are related with BIS and BAS, as hypothesized by leading theories. Also of interest was whether these three withdrawal subtypes are related uniquely to different theoretically-indicated outcomes during emerging adulthood, a developmental period that has received very little empirical attention in this area of research. Participants were 295 (Mage = 19.31 years) emerging adults who completed self-report measures assessing different motivations for social withdrawal, aggression, anxiety sensitivity, creativity, social anhedonia, and BIS/BAS. Structural equation modeling revealed findings that challenge theoretical models that assume that specific and varying combinations of BIS and BAS underlie different withdrawal subtypes. The models also revealed new evidence of specific and non-specific associations, including the first evidence of a potential benefit (creativity) associated with unsociability.
the art of living
epictetus
high prevalence and adverse health effects of loneliness in community-dwelling adults across the lifespan: role of wisdom as a protective factor
ellen e. lee et al. 2018
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610218002120
moderate to severe loneliness persisted across the adult lifespan, but was particularly acute during three age periods: late-20s, mid-50s and late-80s.
Loneliness was also more prevalent than expected, according to the scientists. Three-fourths of study participants reported moderate to high levels of loneliness, using a well-established assessment scale. The figure represents a substantial increase from previously reported prevalence estimates in the U.S. general population, which have ranged from 17 to 57 percent.
"This is noteworthy because the participants in this study were not considered to be at high risk for moderate to severe loneliness. They didn't have major physical disorders. Nor did they suffer from significant mental illnesses such as depression or schizophrenia, in which you might expect loneliness to be problematic," said Jeste. "Though there were clear demographic limitations to the group, these participants were, generally speaking, regular people."
Specifically, the study was conducted in 340 San Diego County residents, between the ages of 27 and 101, who had participated in one of three earlier studies of aging and mental health. Persons with serious physical or psychological ailments, including diagnosed dementia, were excluded, as were persons living in nursing homes or requiring substantial living assistance.
The researchers assessed participants using multiple measures, including the well-established, 20-point UCLA Loneliness Scale, Version 3; a four-item, self-reported measure of social isolation developed by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and the San Diego Wisdom Scale, created by Jeste and colleagues to assess an individual's level of wisdom, based on the conceptualization of wisdom as a trait with a neurobiological as well as psychosocial basis, and thus modifiable.
Excluding evidence of mild loneliness, which Jeste said is common and expected to occasionally appear throughout adult life, the researchers found that loneliness severity and age "had a complex relationship," peaking at specific periods in both men and women. There were no sex differences in loneliness prevalence, severity, or age relationships.
Concern about the individual and societal effects of loneliness have been much in the news, most notably related to its health implications. Former U.S. Surgeon General Vivek Murphy has said a prevailing pall of loneliness in the United States poses a greater, more intractable public health crisis than tobacco use or obesity. Earlier this year, the United Kingdom established a Ministry of Loneliness to address the psychosocial and health needs of lonely people.
First author Ellen Lee, MD, a research fellow in geriatric mental health in the UC San Diego School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry, characterized the study's findings as both bad news and good news. On the negative side, she said, moderate to severe loneliness appears to be highly prevalent throughout adult life. "And loneliness seems to be associated with everything bad. It's linked to poor mental health, substance abuse, cognitive impairment, and worse physical health, including malnutrition, hypertension and disrupted sleep."
On the plus side, Lee noted that the UC San Diego group found a strong inverse association between wisdom and loneliness. People who were deemed wiser were less lonely. "That may be due to the fact that behaviors which define wisdom, such as empathy, compassion, emotional regulation, self-reflection, effectively counter or prevent serious loneliness."
Clearly, said Jeste, more research needs to be done. These are early days for the emerging sciences of wisdom and loneliness. This study, according to its authors, is the first known to assess loneliness using multiple measures with a well-characterized sample and broad age range and which examined both negative and positive psychological traits and states.
"There are more gaps in knowledge than there are answers at the moment," said Jeste. "But these findings suggest we need to think about loneliness differently. It's not about social isolation. A person can be alone and not feel lonely, while a person can be in a crowd and feel alone. We need to find solutions and interventions that help connect people that help them to become wiser. A wiser society would be a happier, more connected, and less lonely society."
abstract Objectives:
This study of loneliness across adult lifespan examined its associations with sociodemographics, mental health (positive and negative psychological states and traits), subjective cognitive complaints, and physical functioning.
Design:
Analysis of cross-sectional data
Participants:
340 community-dwelling adults in San Diego, California, mean age 62 (SD = 18) years, range 27–101 years, who participated in three community-based studies.
Measurements:
Loneliness measures included UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3 (UCLA-3), 4-item Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Social Isolation Scale, and a single-item measure from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CESD) scale. Other measures included the San Diego Wisdom Scale (SD-WISE) and Medical Outcomes Survey- Short form 36.
Results:
Seventy-six percent of subjects had moderate-high levels of loneliness on UCLA-3, using standardized cut-points. Loneliness was correlated with worse mental health and inversely with positive psychological states/traits. Even moderate severity of loneliness was associated with worse mental and physical functioning. Loneliness severity and age had a complex relationship, with increased loneliness in the late-20s, mid-50s, and late-80s. There were no sex differences in loneliness prevalence, severity, and age relationships. The best-fit multiple regression model accounted for 45% of the variance in UCLA-3 scores, and three factors emerged with small-medium effect sizes: wisdom, living alone and mental well-being.
Conclusions:
The alarmingly high prevalence of loneliness and its association with worse health-related measures underscore major challenges for society. The non-linear age-loneliness severity relationship deserves further study. The strong negative association of wisdom with loneliness highlights the potentially critical role of wisdom as a target for psychosocial/behavioral interventions to reduce loneliness. Building a wiser society may help us develop a more connected, less lonely, and happier society.
don’t take it personally: the art of dealing with rejection
elayne savage 2016
becoming resilient: cognitive behaviour therapy to transform your life
nimmi hutnik 2018
the last wilderness: a journey into silence
neil ansell 2018
alone: the classic polar adventure
richard evelyn byrd 1937
loneliness: human nature and the need for social connection
john t. cacioppo 2008
にじいろ
絢香
ayaka studio
Link: m.youtube.com/watch
acoustic
goose house
youtu.be/ybzsKec_cW0
漢字
これからはじまるあなたの物語
ずっと長く道は続くよ
にじいろの雨降り注げば
空は高鳴る
眩しい笑顔の奥に
悲しい音がする
寄りそって 今があって
こんなにも愛おしい
手を繋げば温かいこと
嫌いになれば一人になってくこと
ひとつひとつがあなたになる
道は続くよ
風が運ぶ希望の種
光が夢の蕾になる
なくしたものを数えて
瞳閉ざすよりも
あるものを数えた方が
瞳輝きだす
あなたが笑えば誰かも笑うこと
乗り越えれば強くなること
ひとつひとつがあなたになる
道は続くよ
la la la la la la la la la…
これからはじまるあなたの物語
ずっと長く道は続くよ
にじいろの雨降り注げば
空は高鳴る
さくら
森山直太朗
english
僕らはきっと待ってる
BOKUrawakittoMAtteru
i’m sure that we’re waiting
君とまた会える日々を
KIMItomataAeruHIBIwo
for the days when we can see you again
桜並木の道の上で
SAKURANAMIKInoMICHInoUEde
on a road lined with cherry blossom trees
手を振り叫ぶよ
TEwoFUriSAKEbuyo
we’ll wave and shout
どんなに苦しい時も
donnaniKURUshiiTOKImo
no matter how hard it got
君は笑っているから
KIMIwaWARAtteirukara
you always smiled
挫けそうになりかけても頑張れる気がしたよ
KUJIkesouninarikaketemoGANBAreruKIgashitayo
so even when doubt crept in
i felt like i could do my best
霞ゆく景色の中に
KASUMIyukuKESHIKInoNAKAni
within the fading scene
あの日の歌が聴こえる
anoHInoUTAgaKIkoeru
i can hear that day’s song
さくら、さくら今咲き誇る
sakura, sakuraIMASAkiHOKOru
cherry blossoms, cherry blossoms
they bloom now
刹那に散ゆく運命と知って
SETSUNAniCHIRIyukuSADAMEtoSHItte
knowing their destiny is to fall
さらば、友よ旅立ちの刻
saraba, TOMOyoTABIDAchinoTOKI
farewell, my friend it’s time to leave
変わらないその想いを 今
KAwaranaisonoOMOiwo IMA
those feelings that never change now
今なら言えるだろうか偽りのない言葉
IMAnaraIerudaroukaITSUWArinonaiKOTOBA
maybe i could say words without lies now
輝ける君の未来を願う
本当の言葉
KAGAYAkeruKIMInoMIRAIwo
NEGAuHONTOUnoKOTOBA
you shine as i pray for your future
with words of truth
移りゆく街はまるで
UTSUriyukuMACHIwamarude
the city moves
僕らを急かすように
BOKUrawoSEkasuyouni
as if to hurry us on
さくら、さくらただ舞い落ちる
sakura, sakuratadaMAiOchiru
cherry blossoms, cherry blossoms they just drift in the air
いつか生まれ変わる時を信じ
itsukaUmareKAwaruTOKIwoSHINji
i believe in a moment of rebirth someday
泣くな友よ今惜別の時飾らないあの笑顔で さあ
NAkunaTOMOyoIMASEKIBETSUnoTOKIKAZAranaianoEGAOde saa
don’t cry, my friend it’s time for our painful goodbye
put on that real smile, come on
桜、桜いざ舞い上がれ
SAKURA SAKURAizaMAiAgare
cherry blossoms, cherry blossoms
come now, ride the wind
永遠にさんざめく光を浴びて
TOWAnisanzamekuHIKARIwoAbite
bask in the light that cries out forever
さらば友よまたこの場所で会おう
sarabaTOMOyomatakonoBASHOdeAou
farewell, my friend let’s meet here again
桜、舞い散る道の、上で
SAKURA, MAiCHIruMICHIno, UEde
a road lined with cherry blossom trees, upon
duet 森山直太朗・森山良子
youtu.be/E9MW4lSSi8A
with acoustic piano
youtu.be/p_2F2lKV9uA
choir
youtu.be/NM6q5bOqKd4